| Acronym | Definition |
|---|
| A/F | air/fuel ratio |
| AAM | Alliance of Automobile Manufacturers |
| AAMA | American Automobile Manufacturers Association |
| AAR | American Association of Railroads |
| ABIL | agriculture-based industrial lubricants |
| ABOT | aluminum beaker oxidation test |
| ACC | American Chemistry Council |
| ACEA | Association des Constructeurs Européens d’Automobiles |
| ACERT | Advanced Combustion Emission Reduction Technology (Caterpillar) |
| ACS | American Chemical Society |
| AECC | Automobile Emissions Control by Catalyst |
| AFC | adaptive fuel control |
| AFNOR | Association Français de Normalisation |
| AFV | alternate fuel vehicle |
| AGMA | American Gear Manufacturer’s Association |
| AH | Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
| AHEM | Association of Hydraulic Equipment Manufacturers |
| AIAM | Association of International Automobile Manufacturers |
| AIChE | American Institute of Chemical Engineers |
| AK | antiknocks |
| ALAPCO | Association of Local Air Pollution Control Officials |
| ALI | AutoResearch Laboratories Incorporated |
| and | Engine Technologies |
| ANFAVEA | Brazil Auto Manufacturer’s Association |
| ANIQ | Mexican equivalent to the CMA |
| ANPRM | advance notice of proposed rule making (US-EPA) |
| ANSI | American National Standards Institute |
| AO | antioxidant |
| AOCS | American Oil Chemists’ Society |
| APDF-DEC | Advanced Petroleum Based Fuels - Diesel Emission Control |
| APE | Association of Petroleum Engineers |
| API | American Petroleum Institute |
| API SJ | API motor oil quality level for 2001 and older automotive engines |
| API SL | API motor oil quality level for 2004 and older automotive engines |
| API SM | API motor oil quality level for 2010 and older automotive engines |
| API SN | API motor oil quality level first licensed October 1, 2010 |
| APRAC | Air Pollution Research Advisory Committee |
| AQIRP | Auto/Oil Air Quality Improvement Research Program |
| AQL | acceptable quality levels |
| ARB | Air Resources Board (California) |
| ASLE | American Society of Lubrication Engineers |
| ASME | American Society of Mechanical Engineers |
| ASTM | American Society for Testing and Materials |
| ATA | American Trucking Association |
| ATC | Technical Committee of Petroleum Additive Manufacturers in Europe |
| ATD | Allison Transmission Division of GM |
| ATF | automatic transmission fluid |
| ATIEL | Association Technique de I’Industrie Européenne des Lubrifiants (European Oil Marketers Association) |
| AW | anti-wear |
| AWD | all-wheel drive |
| bbl | Barrel |
| bhp-hr | brake horsepower hour |
| BIA | Boating Industry Association (now NMMA) |
| BLF | British Lubricants Federation |
| BNP | Bureau de Normalisation des Pétroles (France) |
| BOCLE | ball on cylinder lubricity evaluator |
| BOI | base oil interchange |
| BOTD | ball on three disks |
| BOTS | ball on three seats |
| BSFC | brake specific fuel consumption |
| BSI | British Standards Institution |
| BTC | British Technical Council of the Motor and Petroleum Industries |
| BTU | British thermal unit |
| C-4 | Allison ATF specification |
| CAA | Clean Air Act |
| CAAA | Clean Air Act Amendment |
| CAFE | corporate average fuel economy |
| CARB | California Air Resources Board |
| CASAC | Clean Air Scientific Advisory Committee |
| CCB | combustion by-products |
| CCD | combustion chamber deposits |
| CCDI | combustion chamber deposit interference |
| CCE | climate change emissions |
| CCMC | Comité des Constructeurs d’Automobiles du Marché Commun (predecessor of ACEA) |
| CCPA | Canadian Chemical Producers Association |
| CCR | Conradson carbon residue |
| CCS | cold crank simulator |
| CD-2/CF-2 | API 2-stroke diesel engine oil specification |
| CDP | candidate data package |
| CEC | California Energy Commission |
| CEC | Coordinating European Council |
| CE-CERT | College of Engineering, Center for Environmental Research and Technology of UC, Riverside |
| CEED | Center for Energy and Economic Development |
| CEFIC | Conseil Européen des Federations de l’Industrie Chimique (European Chemical Industry Council) |
| CEN | Conseil Européen de Normalisation |
| CEPA | Canadian Environmental Protection Act |
| CES | Cummins Engineering Specification |
| CFI | cold flow improver |
| CFPP | cold filter plugging point |
| CFR | Code of Federal Regulations (US) |
| CFR | Coordinating Fuel and Equipment Research Committee |
| CFV | clean fuel vehicle |
| CG | conventional gasoline |
| CGSB | Canadian General Standards Board |
| CH4 | API heavy-duty engine oil specification |
| CI | cetane index |
| CIDI | compression ignition direct injection (diesel) |
| CIFER | Colorado Institute for Fuels and High Altitude Research |
| CIMAC | Congrès International des Machines à Combustion |
| CLR | Committee on Lubricants Research |
| CM | Cincinnati Milacron |
| CMA | Chemical Manufacturers Association |
| CMAQ | Congestion Mitigation and Air Quality Improvement Program |
| CN | cetane number |
| CNG | compressed natural gas |
| CNPC | China National Petroleum Corporation |
| COC | Cleveland open cup |
| CONCAWE | Conservation of Clean Air and Water-Europe |
| COP | Code of Practice |
| CPC | Chinese Petroleum Corporation |
| CPPI | Canadian Petroleum Products Institute |
| CRADA | Cooperative Research and Development Agreement |
| CRC | Co-ordinating Research Council, Incorporated |
| CRDPF | continuously regenerating diesel particulate filter |
| CRT | constantly regenerating trap |
| cSt | Centistokes |
| CSTCC | continuously slipping torque converter clutch |
| CVMA | Canadian Vehicle Manufacturers Association |
| CVS | constant volume sampling |
| CVT | continuously variable transmission |
| DAP | Detroit Advisory Panel of API |
| DCC | DaimlerChrysler Corporation |
| DCT | dual clutch transmission |
| DDC | Detroit Diesel Corporation |
| DEER | Diesel Engine Emission Reduction (Conference) |
| DEOAP | Diesel Engine Oil Advisory Panel (API/EMA) |
| DETA | diethylene triamine |
| DEXRON | General Motors ATF specification |
| DFA | diesel fuel additive |
| DHYCA | Direction des Hydrocarbures et des Carburants (French Ministry of Industry) |
| DI | detergent inhibitor |
| DI | direct injection |
| DI | drivability index |
| DII | diesel ignition improver |
| DIN | Deutsches Institut für Normung |
| DISI | direct injection spark ignition |
| DKA | Deutscher Koordinieungsausschuss |
| DME | dimethyl ether |
| DOC | diesel oxidation catalyst |
| DOCP | dispersant olefin copolymer |
| DOD | Department of Defense |
| DOE | Department of Energy |
| DOT | Department of Transport |
| DPF | diesel particulate filter |
| DPMA | dispersant polymethacrylate |
| DPNA | Diesel Particulate NOx Reduction (Toyota) |
| DSP | dual spark engine |
| DTBP | di-tert-butyl phenol |
| EC | Environment Canada |
| EC | European Community |
| EC | Japan’s Environmental Council |
| ECCC | electronically controlled converter clutch |
| ECE | Economic Commission for Europe |
| EC-II | Energy Conserving-II (engine oil designation) |
| ECM | electronic control module |
| ECU | electronic control units |
| EEB | European Environmental Bureau |
| EEC | European Economic Community |
| EELQMS | European Engine Lubricant Quality Management System |
| EFTC | Engine Fuels Technical Committee (CEC) |
| EGR | exhaust gas recirculation |
| EHS | extremely hazardous substance |
| EIA | Energy Information Administration (DOE) |
| ELTC | Engine Lubricant Technical Committee (CEC) |
| EMA | Engine Manufacturers Association |
| EO-L/M | Mack heavy-duty diesel engine oil specifications |
| EOLCS | Engine Oil Licensing and Certification System (API) |
| EP | end point |
| EP | extreme pressure |
| EPA | Environmental Protection Agency (US) |
| EPACT | Energy Policy Act |
| EPEFE | European Programme on Emissions, Fuels |
| EPRI | Electric Power Research Institute |
| ERC | emissions reduction credits |
| ERC | Environmental Research Consortium |
| ESI | extended service interval |
| ESP | electrostatic precipitator |
| ETBE | ethyl-t-butyl ether |
| ETLP | Engine Tests of Lubricants Panel (IP) |
| ETS | Engineering Test Services |
| ETV | Environmental Technology Verification program |
| EU | European Union |
| EUROPIA | European Petroleum Industry Association |
| EV | electric vehicle |
| EVA | ethyl vinyl acetate |
| FATG | Fuel Additives Task Group (CMA) |
| FBC | fuel borne catalyst |
| FBP | final boiling point |
| FBRU | fuel boiling range unleaded gasoline |
| FCC | fluid catalytic cracker |
| FCF | fuel correction factor |
| FE | fuel economy |
| FEL | family emission limit |
| FERC | Federal Energy Regulatory Commission |
| FFV | flexible fueled vehicle |
| FIP | Federal Implementation Plan |
| FQP | Fuel Quality Position (EMA) |
| FT | Fischer-Tropsch |
| FTC | Federal Trade Commission (US) |
| FTP | Federal Test Procedure (EPA) |
| FWD | front- or four-wheel drive |
| FZG | Forschungstelle für Zahnräder und Getriebau |
| GAO | General Accounting Office (US) |
| GATC | gross additive treat cost |
| GDI | gasoline direct injection |
| GDP | Gross Domestic Product |
| GDTC | gross delivered treating cost |
| GEO | natural gas engine oil |
| GF-2/3 | passenger car motor oil classifications (ILSAC) prior to 2004 |
| GF-4 | passenger car motor oil classification (ILSAC) from 2004 through Sept 30, 2011 |
| GF-5 | passenger car motor oil classification (ILSAC) first licensed Oct 1, 2010 |
| GFC | Groupement Français de Coordination |
| GHG | greenhouse gas |
| GL-4/5 | gear service characteristics (API) |
| GM | General Motors |
| GMOT | General Motors oxidation test |
| GO-J | Mack gear oil specification |
| GPA | gasoline performance additives |
| GPS | global positioning system |
| GRPE | Groupe de Rapporteurs pour la Pollution et l’Energie |
| GSA | General Services Administration (US) |
| GTAB | gasoline treated as blend stock |
| GTL | gas to liquids |
| GVW | gross vehicle weight |
| HAPEM | Hazardous Air Pollution Exposure Model |
| HCCI | homogeneous charge compression ignition |
| HDD | heavy-duty diesel |
| HDDO | heavy-duty diesel oil |
| HDDT | heavy-duty diesel trucks |
| HDE | heavy-duty engine |
| HDGT | heavy-duty gasoline trucks |
| HDMO | Heavy duty diesel engine oil |
| HDT | heavy-duty trucks |
| HDVIP | Heavy Duty Vehicle Inspection Program |
| HEFCAD | high energy, friction characteristics and durability |
| HEI | Health Effects Institute |
| HEUI | hydraulically operated, electronically controlled unit injectors |
| HF-O/1/2 | hydraulic fluid specifications (Denison) |
| HFRR | high frequency reciprocating rig test |
| HHDV | heavy-heavy diesel vehicle |
| HHO | home heating oil |
| HTHSRV | high temperature high shear rate viscosity |
| HWBF | High water-based fluid |
| I/M | inspection and maintenance |
| I/M, I&M | inspection and maintenance |
| IAOGP | International Association of Oil and Gas Producers |
| IBP | initial boiling point |
| IC | internal combustion |
| IChemE | Institute of Chemical Engineers (UK) |
| ICP | Inductively coupled plasma |
| IDI | indirect injection |
| IEA | International Energy Agency |
| IFP | Institut Français du Pétrole |
| ILEV | inherently low-emission vehicle |
| ILMA | Independent Lubricant Manufacturers Association |
| ILSAC | International Lubricant Standardization and Approval Committee |
| IMO | International Maritime Organization |
| IP | Institute of Petroleum (UK) |
| IPIECA | International Petroleum Industry Environmental Conservation Association |
| IPTO | independent power take-off |
| ISO | International Organization for Standardization |
| ISTEA | Intermodal Surface Transportation Act (US) |
| IVD | intake valve deposit |
| IVDT | intake valve deposit test |
| IVHS | Intelligent Vehicle Highway System |
| JAMA | Japanese Automobile Manufacturers Association |
| JARI | Japanese Automotive Research Institute |
| JASO | Japanese Automotive Standards Organization |
| JAST | Japanese Society of Tribologists |
| JCAP | Japan Clean Air Program |
| JD | John Deere |
| JIS | Japanese Industrial Standards |
| JPI | Japanese Petroleum Institute |
| JSAE | Japanese Society of Automotive Engineers |
| LAC | lowest additive concentration |
| LCO | light cycle oil |
| LDT | light duty truck |
| LDV | light duty vehicle |
| LEV | low-emission vehicle |
| LMOA | Locomotive Maintenance Officers Association |
| LNC | lean NOX catalyst |
| LNG | liquefied natural gas |
| LNT | lean NOX trap |
| LOA | Linear alphaolefin |
| LRI | Lubricant Review Institute |
| LS | limited slip |
| LSC | Lubricant Standards Committee |
| LSD | low sulfur diesel |
| LSR | light straight run gasoline |
| LSRD | low sulfur road diesel |
| LTCD | Light Truck Clean Diesel |
| LTFT | low temperature flow test |
| MAAG | Monitoring Agency Advisory Group (CMA) |
| MACT | maximum achievable control technology |
| MAD | mileage accumulation dynamometer |
| MB | Mercedes-Benz |
| MECA | Manufacturers of Emission Controls Association |
| MERCON | Ford ATF specification |
| MIL | malfunction indicator light |
| MIL | Military Specification |
| MIRA | Motor Industry Research Association (UK) |
| MITI | Ministry of International Trade and Industry (Japan) |
| MMT | methylcyclopentadienyl manganese tricarbonyl |
| MOA | memorandum of agreement |
| MOBILE | On-Road Emission Factor Model (EPA-US) |
| MOD | Ministry of Defense (UK) |
| MOE | Ministry of Energy (UK) |
| MOL | Ministry of Labor (Japan) |
| MON | motor octane number |
| MOT | Ministry of Transport (UK) |
| MOU | memorandum of understanding |
| MPG | miles per gallon |
| MSAT | mobile source air toxic |
| MSDS | material safety data sheet |
| MT | metric ton |
| MTAC | Multiple Test Acceptance Criteria |
| MTBE | methyl-t-butyl ether |
| MVEG | Motor Vehicle Emissions Group |
| MVMA | Motor Vehicle Manufacturers Association |
| MY | model year |
| NAAQS | National Ambient Air Quality Standard (US) |
| NACE | National Association of Corrosion Engineers |
| NAFTA | North American Free Trade Agreement |
| NAMVECC | North American Motor Vehicle Emissions Control Conference |
| NATC | net additive treat cost |
| NCAT | non-catalyst equipped vehicle |
| NCDT | New Category Development Team (API/EMA) |
| NCET | New Category Evaluation Team (API/EMA) |
| NCM | National Comite Motorproeven (Netherlands) |
| NCP | Non-Conformance Penalties |
| NCRP | National Cooperative Research Program |
| NCWM | National Conference on Weights and Measures |
| NDOCP | non-dispersant olefin copolymer |
| NDTC | net delivered treat cost |
| NEB | National Environmental Board (Thailand) |
| NEDO | New Energy and Technology Development Organization (Japan) |
| NEFI | New England Fuel Institute |
| NESCAUM | Northeast States for Coordinated Air Use Management |
| NGEO | natural gas engine oil |
| NGVA | Natural Gas Vehicle Association |
| NHTSA | National Highway Traffic Safety Administration |
| NIST | National Institute of Standards and Technology (US) |
| NLEV | national low-emission vehicle |
| NLGI | National Lubricating Grease Institute (US) |
| NMHC | non-methane hydrocarbons |
| NMMA | National Marine Manufacturers Association |
| NMOG | non-methane organic gases |
| NORA | National Oil Recyclers Association |
| NOx | nitrogen oxides |
| NPRA | National Petrochemical & Refiners Association (US) |
| NPRM | notice of proposed rule making (EPA) |
| NRC | Natural Resources Canada |
| NRCC | National Research Council of Canada |
| NREL | National Renewable Energy Laboratory |
| NSPS | New Source Performance Standard |
| NUTEK | Swedish National Board for Industrial and Technical Development |
| NVFEL | National Vehicle and Fuel Emissions Laboratory (US-EPA) |
| NVFL | National Vehicle and Fuel Lab (EPA) |
| OBD | on-board diagnostic |
| OBD-II | on-board diagnostic II |
| OCP | olefin copolymer |
| ODI | oil drain interval |
| OECA | Office of Enforcement and Compliance Assurance |
| OEM | original equipment manufacturer |
| OFA | Oxygenated Fuels Association |
| OMB | Office of Management and Budget (US) |
| OMS | Office of Mobile Sources (EPA) |
| OPEC | Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries |
| ORD | octane requirement decrease |
| ORD | Office of Research and Development (EPA) |
| ORI | octane requirement increase |
| OSHA | Occupational Safety and Health Administration |
| OTA | Office of Technology Assessment (DOE) |
| OTAG | Ozone Transport Assessment Group |
| OTAQ | Office of Transportation and Air Quality (US EPA) |
| OTC | Ozone Transport Commission |
| OXCAT | oxidation catalyst |
| PADD | Petroleum Administration for Defense District |
| PAG | Polyalkylene glycol |
| PAH | polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons |
| PAJ | Petroleum Association of Japan |
| PAO | polyalphaolefin |
| PAPTG | Product Approval Protocol Task Group (CMA) |
| PBA | polybutene amine |
| PC | proposed classification |
| PCB | Polychlorinated biphenyl |
| PCEO | passenger car engine oil |
| PCFV | Partnership for Cleaner Fuels and Vehicles |
| PCMO | passenger car motor oil |
| PCTFE | Polychlorotrifluoroethylene |
| PCV | positive crankcase ventilation |
| PDS | product data sheet |
| PDVSA | Petroleos de Venezuela |
| PE | Pentaerythritol |
| PEA | polyether amine |
| PERT | Pilot Emission Reduction Trading Project |
| PFI | port fuel injection |
| PFPE | Perfluoroalkylpolyether |
| PIB | polyisobutylene |
| PIBA | PIBamine |
| PIBSA | polyisobutyl succinic anhydride |
| PM | particulate matter |
| PM | Pensky-Martin |
| PM | Preventive maintenance |
| PM10 | particulate matter less than 10 microns diameter |
| PM2.5 | particulate matter less than 2.5 microns diameter |
| PMA | polymethacrylate |
| PMAA | Petroleum Marketers Association of America |
| PNA | polynuclear aromatic |
| PNGV | Partnership for a New Generation of Vehicles (US) |
| PO | Propylene oxide |
| POP | population of vehicles |
| PPD | pour point depressant |
| ppm | parts per million |
| PPO | Polyphthalamide |
| PSIP | Periodic Smoke Inspection Program |
| PTB | pounds per 1000 barrels |
| PTIT | Petroleum Technical Institute of Thailand |
| PTO | Power take-off |
| PTT | Petroleum Authority of Thailand |
| PUL | premium unleaded gasoline |
| PVL | permanent viscosity loss |
| PZEV | Partial zero emitting vehicle |
| QPL | Qualified Products List (US Military) |
| R&O | rust and oxidation |
| RACT | reasonably available control technology |
| RAF | reactivity adjustment factor |
| RBOB | reformulated (gasoline) blended for oxygenate blending |
| RBOT | rotating bomb oxidation test |
| RFA | Renewable Fuels Association |
| RFG | reformulated gasoline |
| RME | rapeseed methyl ester |
| ROG | reactive organic gases |
| RON | research octane number |
| RSI | Registration Systems, Incorporated (CMA monitoring agency) |
| RUL | regular unleaded gasoline |
| RVP | Reid vapor pressure |
| RWD | rear-wheel drive |
| SAE | Society of Automotive Engineers |
| SASH | sulfated ash |
| SBE | severity bias estimate |
| SCAQM | South Coast Air Quality Management (California) |
| SCF | speed correction factors |
| SCOWT | sprig clutch overrunning wear test |
| SCPI | Sequential Central Port Injector |
| SCR | selective catalytic reduction |
| SEA | Selective Enforcement Audit |
| SHED | sealed housing evaporative determination |
| SIB | sulfurized isobutylene |
| SIDI | spark ignition direct injection |
| SIGMA | Society of Independent Gasoline Marketers of America |
| SIP(s) | State Implementation Plan(s) |
| SMR | Svenska Mekanisters Riksforenig |
| SNPRM | supplemental notice of proposed rule making (EPA) |
| SNV | Schweizeische Normenvereiniung |
| SOF | soluble organic fraction |
| SSU | Saybolt Second Universal (same as SUS) |
| STAPPA | State and Territorial Air Pollution Program Administration |
| STLE | Society of Tribologists and Lubrication Engineers |
| STOU | super tractor oil universal |
| SULEV | super ultra-low emission vehicle |
| SUS | Saybolt Universal Second (same as SSU) |
| SUV | sport utility vehicle |
| SwRI | Southwest Research Institute |
| TAC | toxic air contaminant |
| TAG | Technical Advisory Group (CMA) |
| TAN | total acid number |
| TBD | Thousand barrels a day |
| TBI | throtle body injection |
| TBN | total base number |
| TCF | temperature correction factors |
| TCW-3 | water cooled 2-cycle engine oil specification |
| TDC | top dead center |
| TEL | tetraethyl lead |
| TEOST | thermal-oxidation engine oil simulation test |
| TERP | Texas Emissions Reduction Program |
| TFB | Swedish Transport Research Board |
| TFOUT | thin film oxygen uptake test |
| TGF | top groove fill |
| THF | tractor hydraulic fluid |
| THOT | turbo hydramatic oxidation test |
| TISI | Thailand Industrial Standards Institute |
| TLEV | transitional low-emission vehicle |
| TMA | Truck Manufacturers Association |
| TMC | Test Monitoring Center (ASTM) |
| TMC | The Maintenance Council |
| TME | tall methyl ester |
| TO-2/4 | Caterpillar transmission oil specification |
| TO-4 | Caterpillar transmission oil specification |
| TOG | total organic gases |
| TOST | turbine oxidation stability test |
| TOU | tractor oil universal |
| TO-X | heavy-duty diesel engine oil specification |
| TRC | Transportation Research Center |
| TRI | Toxic Release Inventory (US) |
| TTC | Transportation Technology Center (AAR) |
| TUV | Technischer überwachungs Verien |
| TVL | temporary viscosity loss |
| TWD | total weighted demerit |
| UEIL | Union Européenne des Indépendants en Lubrifiants |
| UKOIA | UK Oil Independents Association |
| UKPIA | UK Petroleum Industry Association |
| UL | unleaded gasoline |
| ULEV | ultra low-emission vehicle |
| ULSD | ultra low sulfur diesel |
| UNEP | United Nations Environment Programme |
| USCAR | United States Council for Automotive Research |
| USLD | ultra low sulfur diesel |
| USS | US Steel |
| UTF | universal tractor fluid |
| UTTO | universal tractor transmission oil |
| VGO | Vacuum gas oil |
| VGRA | viscosity-grade read across |
| VI | viscosity index |
| VII | viscosity index improver |
| VMT | vehicle miles traveled |
| VOC | volatile organic compound |
| VOF | volatile organic fraction |
| VTEC | variable valve timing and lift electronic control |
| VTWT | valve train wear test |
| VVT | variable valve timing |
| WSIM | water separation index modified |
| WSPA | Western States Petroleum Association |
| WSSD | World Summit on Sustainable Development |
| ZDP/ZDTP | zinc dithiophosphate |
| ZEV | zero emission vehicle |
| ZF | German gear manufacturer ZF Friedrichshafen (Zed F) |